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Non-Target Effects of Imidacloprid: Lady Beetles
Effects of soil applications of imidacloprid on adult lady beetles |
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Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide with soil, foliar and seed uses for control of sucking insects, including aphids, thrips, whiteflies and fungus gnats in the greenhouse. It is also used by botanical gardens, nurseries and golf courses to control white grubs feeding on roots, foliar feeding insects and borers that feed directly under tree bark. Imidacloprid is part of the neonicotinoids class of insecticides and acts upon the nervous system, causing blockage of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (Ware 2000).
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of soil
applications of imidacloprid (Marathon 1G) on nectar-feeding by four species
of lady beetles: Coleomegilla maculata, Harmonia axyridis,
Hippodamia convergens, and Coccinella septumpunctata. Beetles
were allowed to chose between treated and untreated flowers to determine if
they could detect and avoid imidacloprid in flower nectar.
Chamber treatments: C-C, 1x-C, 2x-C, 1x-1x, 2x-2x.
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